c. Brown v. Board of Education a. unmarried women. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called d. Asian Americans, Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: a. non-Hispanic whites b. Tajfel found that the lines were perceived differently when they were categorized, such that the differences between the groups and the similarities within the groups were emphasized. What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. d. as successful and assertive. d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements c. William Julius Wilson social class, family, football team etc.) Use the following information to determine its net cash provided or used by operating activities. involvement 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Shortening the project by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks is called "project crashing." Most people do not want to admiteither to themselves or to othersthat they hold stereotypes or that they are prejudiced toward some social groups. d. "The bachelor and spinster decided to share an apartment. b. cultural factors c. less communal than traditionally titled women. A company uses the indirect method to determine its cash flows from operating activities. Just as we categorize objects into different types, so we categorize people according to their social group memberships. In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. a. Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. But research has found that stereotypes are often used out of our awareness, which makes it very difficult for us to correct for them. Research evidence indicates that people view women and men who are employed as more agentic See Page 1. c. discrimination. b. And we behave toward women in ways that makes it more difficult for them to lead. d. Ms. Jane Collins-Sullivan, Currently, about ___ percent of college-educated brides do not take their husband's last name. 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy." 165208). The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . c. Black women; Asian American women c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). According to the Milgram experiments, which of the following factors makes an individual more likely to conform to a request that would harm an innocent victim? Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: For one, we learn our stereotypes in part through our communications with parents and peers (Aboud & Doyle, 1996) and from the behaviors we see portrayed in the media (Brown, 1995). d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. coping bisaya accent case study.pdf - Coping with the The Stanford prison experiment led researchers to conclude which of the following? B. b. girls, more than boys, were described as "little." From Tajfel (1970). Gender stereotyping research that focused on social class has found that: b. Donald Trump expresses the kind of racism that is typical in contemporary American politics. Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. Once we do so, we begin to respond to those people more as members of a social group than as individuals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. 349380). Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. a. Mexicans b. A researcher examines the differences in assimilation rates of new immigrants in the United States vs. Europe. c. Sports announcers highlight female athletes' femininity and minimize their athletic ability. Stereotype threat is not, however, absolutewe can get past it if we try. a. modern; benevolent "The typical job applicant worries about his chances of getting the job." correct? How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? b. c. 74; 42 b. discrimination. b. Black drivers are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during a vehicle stop (even after controlling for variables such as the reason the car was stopped), but they are found in possession of contraband 26 percent less often than white drivers. a. ageism British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. d. Black men and women, In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and white women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face? a) Secondary research can be organized in-house or via a research agency. During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. And the same is true of John. a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. d. integrate schools. B. automatic b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. Once our stereotypes and prejudices become established, they are difficult to change and may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true. 4 Social categorization is a relatively new phenomenon. One problem is that social categorization distorts our perceptions such that we tend to exaggerate the differences between people from different social groups while at the same time perceiving members of groups (and particularly outgroups) as more similar to each other than they actually are. d. Roe v. Wade, In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people. IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Health Communication in the Time of COVID-19 b) Secondary research is done after primary research. 2 We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. d. modern sexism. Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Conduct test at the 5% 3, pp. 4 "She did a good job because she's talented. "Gwendolyn Brooks is an outstanding poetess." c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: The game is very close. Ecological ethics and the smart circular economy - Rolien Hoyng, 2023 b. assimilation. d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. a. Perceiving outgroup members as unresponsive: Implications for approach-related emotions, intentions, and behavior. Immigrants in this example can be considered a d. Ireland; urban. Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies? Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. b. Ms. Jane Sullivan 17. In recent years gay and lesbian characters increasingly have been featured in mainstream TV, opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. In K. R. Wenzel & A. Wigfield (Eds. a. more favorably than older men d. racialization. b. Mexico Critiques Strengthen and Improve the Original Findings: Rejoinder to 3 One confederate gave a correct response. a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. The Congressional Research Service estimates that at least $45\$ 45$45 million of counterfeit U.S. $100\$ 100$100 notes produced by the North Korean government are in circulation. Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). b. Joe Feagin drburtoni Transgenders March, Portland 2015 SERIES CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . III. The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential clothes washers (``RCWs''). Define superordinate goals and explain how they help in increasing cooperation when there is conflict among individuals. c) Secondary research is quicker than primary research. 3 "I did a bad job because I'm inept." (Eds.). If the jury cannot decide on a verdict, a mistrial will be declared. The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. B. practicing discrimination social facilitation Because the threat is in the air, Black students may be negatively influenced by it. b. Indeed, social categorization occurs so quickly that people may have difficulty not thinking about others in terms of their group memberships (see Figure 12.3). Account. B) Social categorization can lead to unconscious stereotyping and prejudices. d. All of the above. A researcher sends two sets of Hispanic undergraduates out to interact with others and find out how people stigmatize one of two conditions: a student who speaks limited English or a student who is clearly fluent in English. b. Race And Ethnicity Flashcards by Ruby Carlson - Brainscape Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(5), 656674. After the war, Japanese families joined many Chinese immigrants in segregated Chinatowns. Reggie and his family are well off financially. a. whites One difficulty in measuring stereotypes and prejudice is that people may not tell the truth about their beliefs. I can't believe that I missed it!" the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. Steele and Aronson argued that thinking about negative stereotypes that are relevant to a task that one is performing creates stereotype threatperformance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes. After they had viewed all the statements made by the individuals in the discussion group, the research participants were given a memory test (this was entirely unexpected for the participants who had not been given memory instructions). Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. Rules Sara Baker, Ori Friedman, Alan M. Leslie (sbaker@ruccs.rutgers.edu) Cognitive development in the preschool years is characterized by diminishing impulsivity in thought and action. On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. Which of the following would be an example of a situational attribution? d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. d. Native Americans. 24; 12 "People stereotype females as communal and males as agentic because they have observed A. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Experiments in intergroup discrimination. d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. d. Middle Easterners are nonwhite and North Africans are white. If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. Give one example of a superordinate goal. b. nationalism. Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 3 Flashcards d. the cultural inferiority of blacks, In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings? It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. morris minor cars for sale in arkansas; treasure inside jokes 0 Home. Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954the year of the ______ decision. What does GDP measure, and why is it important? Influence of impression-management goals on the emerging content of group stereotypes: Support for a social-evolutionary perspective. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? a. a. interpersonal racism. Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. When we know that we need to control our expectations so that we do not unintentionally stereotype the other person, we may try to do sobut doing so takes effort and may frequently fail (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). Lines C and D were seen as the same length in the noncategorized condition, but line C was perceived as longer than line D when the lines were categorized into two groups. Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be The point at which operating income is equal to $0. a. a. (2002). Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 778793. 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. baseball. More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from ______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. b. a. intelligence worship-and-biblical-worldview-theo-104. Other activities can be carried out by either physicians or paramedics. c. Although adults apply gender stereotypes to children, these stereotypes are different from the a. 4 We tend to attribute our successes to our own efforts and our failures to the shortcomings of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. b. Puerto Rican Americans Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 1216. The preinduction physical examination given by the U.S. Army involves the following seven activities: These activities can be performed in any order, with two exceptions: Medical history must be taken first, and Exit medical evaluation is last. Other research using this technique has found that we spontaneously categorize each other on the basis of many other group memberships, including race, academic status (student versus teacher), social roles, and other social categories (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. d. honesty is one trait more strongly associated with working-class than middle-class women. d. Native Americans, Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups besides Anglo-Saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups? d. a, b, and c, There is a greater underrepresentation of ____________ than ___________ in movies and Allport, G. W. (1954/1979). a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s Ethan is a white man who has Scottish ancestry and wore a kilt to his wedding. Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . c. across countries, men showed stronger hostile sexism than women did. Guia de Estudio - Study Guide: Term 1 Test, Avancemos 2 Unidad 2 Leccin 2 (Vocabulario), John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences, Global Procurement and Strategic Sourcing (2), Measurements (e.g., weight, height, blood pressure). 3989). Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is