does hcn have a delocalized pi bond does hcn have a delocalized pi bond

Delocalization of \(\pi\) electrons in the nitrate ion requires that the four atoms be on the same plane, allowing lateral overlap of the p orbitals on them. So, amongst the given molecules is the correct answer. The atoms are arranged in a zig-zag pattern, with each carbon atom bonded to two other atoms. A) Br_2 B) CO_2 C) CCl_4 D) CO, Which of the following compounds has four single binds in the Lewis structure? Resonance theory is explained below using the nitrate ion as the example. How to tell, in any given molecule, if a pi bond is localized or delocalized? An important resonance contributor has a C=N double bond and a C-O single bond, with a separation of charge between the oxygen and the nitrogen. Why? a. C2H4 b. ZnS c. LiI d. NBr3 e. AgI, In the CO32- ion, explain what type of bond is the carbon-oxygen bond (single, double, etc. a) H_2 b) Na_2O c) KF d) NH_3 e) both NH_3 and H_2, Which of the following has a triple bond? Even in penta-1,4-diene, the electrons are still localized. In this case there are 16 CC sigma bonds and 10 CH bonds. 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There are two sigma bonds in HCN: C-H and C-N. Delocalization of electrons in the nitrate ion requires that the four atoms be on the same plane, allowing lateral overlap of the p orbitals on them. An attribute of molecules of which the classical Lewis diagram is not consistent with the observed properties is that other valid Lewis diagrams can be generated for them. -solid di As understood, ability does not recommend that you have fantastic points. 12.7: Resonance and Electron Delocalization is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. (CH) when it is completely burnt in CH + O CO + HO. The customary book, fiction, history, novel, scientific research, as well as various extra sorts of books are readily nearby here. O. Ozone is made of three atoms at an angle to each other. Some resonance structures are more favorable than others. (a) C_2H_4. The classic analogy used to clarify these two misconceptions is the mule (Morrison, R. T.; Boyd, R.N. Which of the following compounds is polar? Show why or why not, using drawings of the orbitals involved. For more details, check the links for O3 lewis structureand HCN lewis structure. what are examples of monovalent atomic groups. Materials with many delocalized electrons tend to be highly conductive. This framework is responsible for the unexpected stability of polyunsaturated compounds like benzene. We already know about double bonds. Basic carbon skeletons are made up of sigma bonds. delocalized electrons, number of electrons, sigma bonds and pi bonds, sigma-bonds, pi-bonds, s-orbital and p-orbital, Van der Walls forces, and contact points. Science Teaching Reconsidered provides undergraduate science educators with a path to understanding students, accommodating their individual differences, and helping them grasp the methods--and the wonder--of science. educational laws affecting teachers. Experimentally, however, the six carbon-carbon bonds in benzene have the same bond length and the same bond energy. We additionally meet the expense of variant types and also type of the books to browse. b. NBr_3. Which of the following are ionic compounds? American science literacy, scientists and educators have struggled to teach this discipline more effectively. Although B is a minor contributor due to the separation of charges, it is still very relevant in terms of peptide and protein structure our proteins would simply not fold up properly if there was free rotation about the peptide C-N bond. Legal. However, none of them are consistent with the observed properties of benzene and, therefore, does not correctly depict benzene. O3 and CO3- have resonance structures, but H2O and HCN don't have a second resonance structure that can be drawn, so only O3 and CO3- have delocalized pi bonds and H2O and HCN do not. A. NCl_3 B. C_2H_4 C. ZnS D. AgCl E. LiI, Which compound contains a polar covalent bond? What is delocalized pi bonding, and what does it explain? Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) also contains the bond between carbon and nitrogen but the bond is localized as its hydrogen atom cannot accommodate the double or triple bond. a. CH3OH b. CH3ONa^(+) c. CH3NH2 d. (CH3)3CH. Thus, the two \(\pi\) electrons in the nitrate ion are delocalized. successful. A delocalized bond is a bond in which the electrons are free to move over more than two nuclei. So, according to the lewis dot structure of OF2, oxygen is the central atom and it has 2 bonded pair electrons and 2 lone pairs of electrons. This, along with the observation that the bonding around the peptide nitrogen has trigonal planar geometry, strongly suggests that the nitrogen is sp2-hybridized. The resonance structures imply that the real structure is somewhere in between the two that are shown. Hope this helps! Tautomerization is the change in position of lone pair and double bonds to yield two different constitutional isomers. a. CF4 b. CN- c. CO2, Which molecule below contains a triple bond? a. NH4NO3 b. C2Cl4 c. CO2 d. SiF4 e. OCl2, Which of the following has a trigonal pyramidal geometry? a. single bond b. double bond c. triple bond d. none of the above. ), Galvanic/Voltaic Cells, Calculating Standard Cell Potentials, Cell Diagrams, Work, Gibbs Free Energy, Cell (Redox) Potentials, Appications of the Nernst Equation (e.g., Concentration Cells, Non-Standard Cell Potentials, Calculating Equilibrium Constants and pH), Interesting Applications: Rechargeable Batteries (Cell Phones, Notebooks, Cars), Fuel Cells (Space Shuttle), Photovoltaic Cells (Solar Panels), Electrolysis, Rust, Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics Controlling a Reaction, Method of Initial Rates (To Determine n and k), Arrhenius Equation, Activation Energies, Catalysts, Chem 14B Uploaded Files (Worksheets, etc. Delocalization allows electrons to achieve longer wavelength and lower energy. Each oxygen atom inside the ion has four non-bonding electrons. understood, success does not suggest that you have astounding points. For this question, out of the three in the first part of the question that have a pi bond, HCN would be the only one who doesn't have a delocalized pi bond because the double bonds in this molecule can only be drawn in one place. Top Neel Sharma 3F Posts: 102 Joined: Thu Oct 01, 2020 4:32 am Been upvoted: 1 time Re: Sapling Learning Week 7 and 8 Homework Question 16 Which of the following has bond angles of 109.5 degrees? All of the answers depend on an understanding of the contributions of two resonance structures to the overall picture of acetaminde, or alternatively, that actetamide forms a conjugated pi system with four electrons delocalized over the O, C and N. Contribution of the second resonance structure introduces some double bond character to the C-N bond and some single bond character to the C-O bond. Does HCN contain a polar covalent bond? I) The hybridization of boron in BF3 is sp2. Since the exact extent to which each resonance form of the nitrate ion contributes to the hybrid is known, the bond order of each nitrogen-oxygen bond as well as the formal charge on each oxygen atom in the hybrid can be easily determined: According to resonance theory, each bond in the nitrate ion is one and one-third of a bond, which is consistent with the observation that the three bonds in the nitrate ion have the same bond length and the same bond energy. 1. Solve "Chemistry of Life Study Guide" PDF, question bank 7 to review . They can't interact. Learn about covalent bonds. Predict which of the following has a covalent bond. Resonance is a mental exercise and method within the Valence Bond Theory of bonding that describes the delocalization of electrons within molecules. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. It also provides specific . A. BeCl2 B. CCl4 C. CO2 D. All of them, Which of the following has polar bonds but is nonpolar? CH_2CH_2, Which molecule or compound below contains a polar covalent bond? Since the C, N and O atoms are sp2 hybridized, the C-N pi bond can only form if the remaining p orbitals on these atoms align. HCN. the Zr atom, the Zr atom does not have a filled valence shell. *suspe When a molecule contains a pi bond, there is a chance that the pi electrons could be spread between more than just the two atoms of the pi bond. (Select all that apply.) It is just a little longer, however. The filling of energy levels from the lowest to highest, So both electrons go into the BMO. The middle p orbital might as well sit out because overall it isn't doing anything. 2) Which contain a pie bond? The electrons in benzene as delocalized. does hcn have a delocalized pi bond. a. trigonal planar b. one unshared pair of electrons on P c. sp2 hybridized at P d. polar molecule e. polar bonds, Which of the following is best represented by a set of resonance structures? If they don't participate in Resonance: localized. In the other structure, the double bond is between the other pair. Advertisement MissPhiladelphia The major advantage of resonance theory is that, although based on rigorous mathematical analysis, resonance theory can be applied successfully invoking little or no math. CCl_4 4. The other two molecules (O3 and CO3 2-) have pi bonds that can be drawn in multiple places so they have a delocalized pi bond. The bonds between the carbon atoms are called "pi bonds." Pi bonds are weaker than the "sigma bonds" that hold the atoms together in a straight chain. This is like holding your hat in either your right hand or your left. A second bond is generally made through a pi bonding interaction. LBCs innovative curriculum offers much more than traditional programs. 21 In which compound are all the carbon . Postby Alexis DeHorta 2A Sun Nov 14, 2021 1:13 pm, Postby 405490807 Sun Nov 14, 2021 1:34 pm, Postby 405509920 Sun Nov 28, 2021 9:15 pm, Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 0 guests. Examples of Delocalized pi bond. Thus, both of these bonds are intermediate in length between single and double bonds. They are, by definition, a plane. 1 Answer. In other words, if a pi bond can be drawn in different places, then that pi bond would be delocalized. (1) HBr (2) CBr_4 (3) NaBr (4) NaOH. The orbital result from the overlapping of two 2p orbitals of separate carbon atoms. Upon seeing a rhinoceros, one could describe it as the hybrid of a dragon and a unicorn, two creatures that do not exist. Explanation : A delocalized bond are those bonds in which the electrons are allowed to move freely over more than two nuclei. How many sigma and pi bonds are there in CH4? The other bond would be about 1.208 Angstroms long, like the O=O bond in dioxygen. does hcn have a delocalized pi bond black and white pajama pants June 21, 2022. bartlett high school football record Critical to the structure of proteins is the fact that, although it is conventionally drawn as a single bond, the C-N bond in a peptide linkage has a significant barrier to rotation, almost as if it were a double bond. Do all compounds with a double bond have delocalized pi electrons? a. CO2 b. NH3 c. H2O d. all of the above e. none of the above, Which one of the following species exhibits delocalized bonding (resonance)? * tomato soup. The pi bond located among more than two nuclei is delocalized. Of diad system of tautomerism) Hope this answer will help . This combination can be in phase or out of phase. Createyouraccount. Lewis diagrams 1, 2, and 3 are called resonance forms, resonance structures, or resonance contributors of the nitrate ion. A. MgSO_4 B. SF_6 C. Cl_2 D. BaF_2 E. None of the above contains both ionic and covalent bonds. The structure of the nitrate ion is said to be a resonance hybrid or, simply, hybrid of resonance forms 1, 2, and 3. a. CO_2 b. H_2S c. O_2 d. O_3 e. C_2H_4, Which of the following molecule contains a nonpolar covalent bond? Right here, we have countless book Chapter 8 Chemical Equations And Reactions Test Answers and collections to check out. Sort each molecule into the appropriate category. Populating these orbitals, and getting an exact energy, is not possible given the huge approximations we have made. A. H2 B. NaCl C. H2O D. all of the compounds E. none of the compounds, Which of the substances are polar covalent? In the Lewis structure, one pair of oxygens is double-bonded and the other is single-bonded. Best Answer. ..in which the atoms of two or more metals are uniformly mixed. Whenever it is necessary to show the structure of the nitrate ion, resonance forms 1, 2, and 3 are drawn, connected by a double-headed arrows. A good example of a delocalized pi bond is with benzene as shown in lecture. a. N_2. (a) NO^3- (b) CO2 (c) H2S (d) BH4, Which of the following molecules or ions contain polar bonds? (a) NCl- (b) AgI (c) LiI (d) C2H4 (e) ZnS, Which of the following molecules satisfy the octet rule and which do not? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. the pi ( ) can appear in several conformations. In each resonance form of the nitrate ion, there are two \(\pi\) electrons, and they are shared only by two atoms. Because of the partial double bond character there is a larger barrier to rotation than is typically found in molecules with only single bonds. Which of the following contain a delocalized pi bond? An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. does hcn have a delocalized pi bond SiO2 LiCN LiI PCl3, Which one of the following is a polar molecule with nonpolar bonds? A delocalized bond is a bond in which the electrons are free to move over more than two nuclei. The pi-electron is free to move above and below the sigma bond. b) I a, Which of the following bonds is expected to be the most polar? And here is why: It is because the p orbitals overlap in such a way that their electrons make contact with each other. human body and what the body does to maintain homeostasis. ), Administrative Questions and Class Announcements, *Making Buffers & Calculating Buffer pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation), *Biological Importance of Buffer Solutions, Equilibrium Constants & Calculating Concentrations, Non-Equilibrium Conditions & The Reaction Quotient, Applying Le Chatelier's Principle to Changes in Chemical & Physical Conditions, Reaction Enthalpies (e.g., Using Hesss Law, Bond Enthalpies, Standard Enthalpies of Formation), Heat Capacities, Calorimeters & Calorimetry Calculations, Thermodynamic Systems (Open, Closed, Isolated), Thermodynamic Definitions (isochoric/isometric, isothermal, isobaric), Concepts & Calculations Using First Law of Thermodynamics, Concepts & Calculations Using Second Law of Thermodynamics, Third Law of Thermodynamics (For a Unique Ground State (W=1): S -> 0 as T -> 0) and Calculations Using Boltzmann Equation for Entropy, Entropy Changes Due to Changes in Volume and Temperature, Calculating Standard Reaction Entropies (e.g. b. Benzene has three short double bonds alternating with three longer single bonds. HCN H C N also contains the bond between carbon and nitrogen but the bond is localized as its hydrogen atom cannot accommodate the double or triple bond. * gasoline. For each molecule, determine if it has pi bonds and if the pi bonds are delocalized. (a) H_2O (b) O_3 (c) HCN (d) CO_3^2-. A. CCl_4 B. BeCl_2 C. CO_2 D. All of them, Which of the following statements about the structure of benzene is not true? There is no other way to leave lone pairs on the nitrogen b/c then an oxygen would not have enough e- in its orbital. a. CH4 b. CO2 c. SF6 d. SO2, Which molecule or compound below contains a pure covalent bond? CO3^-2. a. NaCl b. Cl2 c. H2 d. HCl, Which of the following compounds contains a polar covalent bond? a. CO2 b. NCl3 c. C2H4 d. S2 e. N2. What I did when solving this problem was write out the possible Lewis structures for each molecule. * a salt-water solution. naturally tend to be in the lowest possible energy state, there would be no advantage for the nitrate ion to exist as the hybrid; it could simply exist as a resonance form. , Many alloys, such as brass (made from zinc and copper) is a solid Construct a Huckel MO diagram for each of the cases in Problem MO14.3. a. propanol b. methylbenzene c. aspirin d. iso-butane e. none of the above, Which of the following are polar and non polar? Which of the following contains BOTH ionic and covalent bonds? This phase will have a node through the plane of the molecule (because they are p orbitals) and one more nodes cutting through the molecule crosswise. Thus, the two \(\pi\) electrons in each resonance form of the nitrate ion are localized. In each of the following cases, there may or may not be conjugation involving lone pairs and pi bonds. a. O-C-S in COS b. H-Si-H in SiH4 c. O-C-O in CO32- d. Cl-C-Cl in COCl2 e. F-S-F in SF6, Which of the following does not possess an ionic bond? A. KCl B. KNO3 C. (NO2)^(-) D. NH3, Which of the following is the most polar bond? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. a) C and O. b) B and N. c) F and B. d) F and O. e) N and F. Select the most polar bond amongst the following: (a) C-O (b) C-F (c) Si-F (d) Cl-F (e) C-N, Which of the following are characteristics of phosphorus trichloride, PCl3? This phase will have a node through the plane of the molecule (because they are p orbitals) and two more nodes cutting through the molecule crosswise. a. N_2H_2 b. HCN c. C_2H_2 d. CH_3Cl Draw the Lewis structure of H_3COH to answer the following questions How many pi b, Which of the following is most likely to exhibit covalent bonding? CO_2 5. Ethene contains sigma and pi bonds. a. NH4+ b. SiCl4 c. Cl2O d. All of these are polar. How many electrons are delocalized in a carbonate ion? According to resonance theory, the structure of the nitrate ion is not 1 nor 2 nor 3 but the average of all three of them, weighted by stability. How much impact it has would depend on the population of the other combinations, which we can't predict without a more careful approach. HCN H C N also contains the bond between carbon and nitrogen but the bond is localized as its hydrogen atom cannot accommodate the double or triple bond. Benzen has three strongly interacting double bonds. Which of the following involves delocalized pi bonds? For the molecules that have more than one possible Lewis structure, I came to the conclusion that they were resonance structures and have delocalized pi bonds. More than a million students worldwide from a full range of universities have mastered organic chemistry through his trademark style, while instructors at hundreds of colleges and universities have praised his approach time and time again. The hydroxymethylidene ion shows delocalization because the lone pair on the carbon atom is "upgraded" to a full p-orbital, just as (one) the lone pair on each oxygen because that would stabilize the negative charge. In acetamide, the C-N and C-O bond lengths are 1.334 and 1.260 angstroms, respectively. Comprehending as with ease as deal even more than further will have enough money each success. So, amongst the given molecules is the correct answer. Each oxygen on ozone has a p orbital that was left out of this sp. You should remember that a pi bond is related to an alkene, compounds that have a double bond. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. The electrons move freely over the whole molecule. Continue with Recommended Cookies. As understood, achievement does not suggest that you have astonishing points. the normal structure and function of the human body and what the body does to maintain homeostasis. Which of the following molecules has delocalized pi bonds? Therefore, there will be three combinations. (SO_4)^(2-), Which of these three compounds are covalent? In a third combination, the middle p orbital can be thought of as out of phase with one neighbour but in phase with the other. a. O-F b. C-S c. N-F d. C-H e. B-F. NO_3^-, Which molecule does not contain a multiple bond? ), *Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Organic Reactions, *Free Energy of Activation vs Activation Energy, *Names and Structures of Organic Molecules, *Constitutional and Geometric Isomers (cis, Z and trans, E), *Identifying Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary Carbons, Hydrogens, Nitrogens, *Alkanes and Substituted Alkanes (Staggered, Eclipsed, Gauche, Anti, Newman Projections), *Cyclohexanes (Chair, Boat, Geometric Isomers), Stereochemistry in Organic Compounds (Chirality, Stereoisomers, R/S, d/l, Fischer Projections). 03. 1 arjundupa 6 yr. ago Hmmmm. There really is a pi bond that stretches the entire length of the ozone molecule. If they participate in Resonance: delocalized. A) NaF B) HCl C) MgO D) O_2, Which molecule contains the most polar bonds? Top 405509920 Posts: 121 Joined: Fri Sep 24, 2021 12:05 pm Re: Achieve #16 Postby 405509920 Mon Nov 29, 2021 5:15 am A delocalized pi bond signifies that the electrons are free to have movement over multiple nuclei i.e. , Calculate the reacting mass of Propone. Propene and other alkenes on the other hand, only have one pi bond, so the electrons can only move between the two carbon atoms, and there is only one way they can be drawn. (Has resonance structures, so the pi bond may change) HO. . Since the nitrate ion has lower energy and, therefore, is more stable than any of its resonance forms, the nitrate ion is said to be resonance stabilized. a. Li2CO3 b. SCl6 c. Br2 d. PCl3 e. NaCl. neighboring to, the proclamation as well as perception of this Ionic Bonding Each Pair Of Elements Answers can be taken as with ease as picked to act. , Using Standard Molar Entropies), Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations, Environment, Fossil Fuels, Alternative Fuels, Biological Examples (*DNA Structural Transitions, etc. The electrons in these molecules are said to be delocalized. d. Be, Regarding the carbonate ion, CO32-, which of the following statements is false? Which of the species contains a delocalized bond? Which of the following contains a pi bond? Delocalized pi bonds are those bonds that contain free-moving electrons. This page titled 13.14: Delocalization is shared under a CC BY-NC 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Chris Schaller via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Each methodology is defined and compared with other separation processes. This is a high energy, highly antibonding combination. Does CO2 have delocalized pi bonds? Clear View of the Human Body is a unique, full-color, semi-transparent insert depicting the human body (male and female) in layers. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. . . Before the p orbitals overlap, the p electrons are confined to (or "localized" on) each carbon atom. We will assume some combination of these orbitals interact within the plane to form the first bonds between the oxygens. Now you have a system of three p-orbitals linked together. Because the bonding and antibonding interactions within this orbital cancel out, this is nonbonding combination. For comparison, some typical bond lengths are C-N (1.47 A); C=N (1.38 A); C-O (1.43 A), C=O (1.20 A). a) CH4 b) CO2 c) H2O d) F2, Which of the following have both ionic and covalent bonds? a. F2 b. KCl c. CH3CH3 d. CH3COOH, Which of the following has the smallest predicted bond angles? From valence orbital theory alone we might expect that the C2-C3 bond in this molecule, because it is a sigma bond, would be able to rotate freely. Organic Chemistry, fifth edition; Allyn and Bacon: Boston, 1987, pg. Which of the following contain polar covalent bonds? Science questions not covered in Chem 14A and 14B. The Lewis diagram of many a molecule, however, is not consistent with the observed properties of the molecule. The molecule acetamide is shown in problem MO14.1. Addition Reactions .Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous period for their favorite books like this Chapter 6 Reactions Of Alkenes Addition Reactions , but end up in harmful downloads. Misconception 1: The nitrate ion exists as resonance form 1 for a moment and then changes either to resonance form 2 or to resonance form 3, which interconvert, or revert to 1. Why sigma binds are always localized and pi bonds are always delocalized? In this question its asking about a delocalized pi bond which is different than just a pi bond, its when the electrons are free to move over more than 2 nuclei, since in HCN there is only one triple bond it is a localized pi bond. A pi bond ( bond) is a bond formed by the overlap of orbitals in a side-by-side fashion with the electron density concentrated above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonding atoms. However, the first way we drew it is disqualified by symmetry rules (it is too lopsided). III) The bond order of N2 is three. Resonance forms illustrate areas of higher probabilities (electron densities). HCN H C N also contains the bond between carbon and nitrogen but the bond is localized as its hydrogen atom cannot accommodate the double or triple bond. Organic Chemistry With a Biological Emphasis byTim Soderberg(University of Minnesota, Morris). The structure of methane also shows that it contains carbon atoms single-bonded with the four hydrogen atoms. N_2 2. QUINN WATSON 373). {/eq} bond means the double or triple bond is present between the atoms and electrons can Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. a. SO2 b. SO3 c. SO32- d. none of the above, Which of the following has the most polar bond? We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Answer: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) contains two (2) sigma bonds and two (2) pi bonds. In order to have a strong bond, two atomic p orbitals overlap effectively. PBr3, SO3, AsCl3, ClF3, BCI3, Which of the following is a polar molecule? According to Sapling, delocalized pi bonds occur when pi orbitals extends over more than two atoms. ), Which of the following contains both ionic and covalent bonds? A triple bond has one sigma bond and two pi bonds. Sigma bonds are located between the two nuclei and they are head to head overlap. a. ozone (O3) b. hydrogen cyanide (HCN) c. acetylene (C2H2) Which of these compounds contains the most. Delocalized pi bonds are those bonds that contain delocalized electrons among nuclei of the atoms. The Lewis diagram fails to explain the structure and bonding of the nitrate ion satisfactorily. students. Drawing the Lewis structures for each, we can see that only carbonate and ozone have resonance structures. This Delocalization allows electrons to achieve longer wavelength and lower energy Because it is low in energy, the extended pi bond is pretty certain to be populated by electrons, and it will make some contribution to the structure of ozone. Nor does it mean that, in a herd, some mules resemble a horse and the others a donkey. We won't worry about the details. a. BCl3 b. NH3 c. NH4 d. isobutene, Which of the following contains one or more covalent bonds? Which molecule or compound below contains a polar covalent bond? A. NH4Br B. NaNO2 C. both A and B D. neither A nor B. {/eq} bond? Explanation : A delocalized bond are those bonds in which the electrons are allowed to move freely over more than two nuclei.